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Destinations for Rhine River Cruises

For those interested in seeing Europe without the constant, hectic bustle of tourism, relaxing cruises on the Rhine River have proven to be a hit. In addition to a never-ending opportunity to learn to speak German, here is a list of several fun activities to partake in during a Rhine River cruise: Allstate: This town includes a medieval castle, a parish church dating to 1794, a historical museum, and numerous delicious restaurants. Glattfelden: Situated on the River Glatt just above its junction with the Rhine, this town is the hometown of Swiss writer Gottfried Keller and is frequently referred to in his novel “Der grĂ¼ne Heinrich.” Over an old stone bridge is the nearby old town of Eglisau. Rheinfelden: A little town of 7,000 inhabitants situated on the left bank of the river, Rheinfelden is home to a popular salt-water spa, ancient walls and towers, the Fricktaler Museum, and St. Martin’s Church, which dates back to the 15th century. German Beer: Germans produce the best beer in th

Brief Information About Ancient North African Jars

By Gamal Rasheed


Canopic jar chests were one of the most important ritualistic items utilized in the elaborate burial customs that the Egyptians practiced. Before the mummification process a number of organs were removed from the dead body and placed inside Canopic jars which would consequently be placed inside a Canopic chest. The chest containing the organs would be placed adjacent to the tomb in a dedicated space known as the Canopic shrine.

For the ancient Egyptians, it was a common belief that if the dead was willing, it could return to the body, necessitating the preservation of the body including the internal parts. In order to preserve the body, a lengthy and complicated procedure was performed, and the resultant mummy was put in the tomb. It required a number of days to complete the task. During the process, the internal parts had to be removed and placed in the Canopic jars that were further placed in the Canopic chest.

It was in the second Dynasty that the use of Canopic chests originated. Over the days the Canopic jar chests were modified from time to time depicting several types of designs. They were used until the beginning of the Ptolemaic period.

One of the first Canopic burials was proved to occured in the fourth Dynasty, during the reign of Menkaure. It was found in the tomb of Queen Meresankh III at Giza. A number of other Canopic burials were found in the tombs that belong to the Sneferu reign.

Among the oldest Canopic jars, boxes made of wood were utilized to put the internal organs, and were fastened securely. Jars made from stone or potteries were also used in some burials. They were covered either with flattened or dome-like lids. The chests were made out of soft stone. However, in some cases, they were created by shaping out the floor of the tomb or perhaps the wall of the tomb by cutting through them.

By the sixth Dynasty the Canopic jar chests were being made out of granite. By the 18th century a multitude of materials were used to make the chests including wood, cartonnage, limestone and calcite.

As centuries passed by, the Canopic jars utilized to place the organs were altered too. When they were first made, only stone was utilized and had lids which were flat. Later, they were altered for making dome-like lids.

After this the Egyptians tried a number of different materials which they utilized to create the jars. These jars contained four organs that were the liver, the stomach, the lungs and the intestines. Each of these organs was connected with specific deities.

Over the years, many modifications of the Canopic jars were conceptualized, but some were applied to them. In some jars the lids were sculpted to portray jackal heads. This was supposed to portray the four sons of Horus. Every organ was related to a son, and they were given protection by another Egyptian deity possessing more power.




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